Understanding how HIV is transmitted is the first step to reducing unnecessary anxiety. Contrary to common myths, HIV is not easily transmitted—it requires specific conditions, and there are only three confirmed, scientifically proven ways that HIV can be passed from one person to another.

The first and most common route is sexual transmission. This occurs when there is unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an HIV-positive person. HIV is present in semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids, and these fluids can enter the body through mucous membranes or small breaks in the skin during sexual contact. Using condoms or other barrier methods consistently and correctly can almost eliminate this risk.